Acquired Brain Injury in the Fetus and Newborn

Given the tremendous advances in the last five years in the understanding of acquired neonatal brain injury and in the care of affected newborn infants, this book provides a timely review for the practising neurologist, neonatologist and pediatrician.

The editors take a pragmatic approach, focusing on specific populations encountered regularly by the clinician.

They begin by addressing aspects of fetal neurology and the interpretation of fetal imaging studies. They then follow a ‘bench to bedside’ approach to acquired brain injury in the preterm and term newborn infant in the next chapters. The contributors, all internationally recognized clinician scientists, provide the clinician reader with a state-of-the art review in their area of expertise. The final section of the book address special populations and concerns, areas that are largely overlooked in existing neurology textbooks. Each of these areas has seen considerable advances in the last five years and is of increasing relevance to the neurologist and neonatologist clinician.

The comprehensive nature of each section (from basic science to acute clinical care to outcomes) should appeal broadly to scientists and allied health professionals working in neonatal neurology.

Readership

Paediatric neurologists, neonatologists, neurologists and paediatricians, clinicians in child development, child health researchers and allied health professionals (in physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and psychology). Trainees in these areas.

International Review of Child Neurology No. 13

Authors’ appointments vii

FOREWORD x

PREFACE xi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xii

Section I The Fetus

1. BRAIN INJURY IN THE FETUS 1

Adre du Plessis

2. Imaging the Fetal Brain 18

Catherine Limperopoulos

Section II The Preterm Infant

3. Mechanisms of Acute and Chronic Brain Injury in the Preterm Infant 29

Stephen A. Back

4. Clinical assessment of the Preterm Infant including Near-infrared

spectroscopy, amplitude-integrated Electroencephalography, and

Electroencephalography 53

Lena Hellstrv-Westas and Frank van Bel

5. Imaging the Brain of the Preterm Infant 66

Gareth Ball, Mary A. Rutherford and Serena J. Counsell

6. Protecting the Brain of the preterm infant 81

Christopher D. Smyser and Terrie E. Inder

7. Seizures in the Preterm Infant 95

Hannah C. Glass

8. Outcomes After Brain Injury in the Preterm Infa nt 99

Marilee C. Allen

Section III The Term Infant

9. Mechanisms of brain Neurodegeneration in the Term infant 121

Frances J. Northington, Raul Chavez-Valdez and Lee J. Martin

10. Clinical Approach to Term Encephalopathy154

Anastasia Dimitropoulos, Steven P. Miller and Jerome Y. Yager

11. Imaging term infa nts with suspected hypoxic‚-ischemic encephalopathy 165

Kenneth J. Poskitt, Vann Chau and A. James Barkovich

12. Protecting the Brain in term infants 183

Fernando F. Gonzalez and Donna M. Ferriero

13. Seizures in the term newborn infa nt 198

Mona C. Toet and Linda S. de Vries

14. Outcomes after Brain Injury in the Term infant 209

Beatrice Latal

Section IV Specialized Topics

15. Neonatal Neurology in the Developing World 221

Nicola J. Robertson

16. Perinatal Stroke 237

Kendall B. Nash and Yvonne W. Wu

17. Brain Injury in Newborn infa nts with Congenital Heart Disease 251

Patrick S. McQuillen, Steven P. Miller and Annette Majnemer

18. Metabolic Brain Injury in the fetus and the neonate 268

Linda De Meirleir

19. The Nutritionally Deprived Fetus and Newborn infant 277

Raghavendra Rao and Michael K. Georgieff

20. Ethical Considerations in Fetal and Neonatal Neurology 288

Lucie Wade, Michael Shevell and Eric Racine

Index 306